→ Definite article: the
the + Noun = Specific noun or Unique noun or Defined noun; used before the noun which is only one of its kind.
Rules:

• Article 'the' is used before a proper noun like the names of Newspapers, names of Journals and names of magazines.
  Example: Newspapers like the Times, the Guardian, etc.
  Journals like the Mainstream, etc.
  
• 'the' is used before Titles
  Example: the Rajput, the Pathans, etc.
• 'the' is used before Awards
  Example: the Arjuna Award, the Param Vir Chakra, etc.
• 'the' is used before Islands
  Example: the Seychelles, the Mauritius, etc.
• 'the' is used before Unified States
  Example: the USA, the Punjab, the UAE, etc.
• 'the' + noun + and/or + noun' is used when the nouns are of the same entity
  Example: The father and son walk hand in hand.
• 'both + the + noun + and/or + the + noun' is used if the nouns are same or separate entity
  Example: Both the father and the son walk hand in hand.
• The rules also happen when we consider the number of the nouns, that is we use 'a'
  Example: I have a black and white cat. (It means 1 cat with black and white in color)
  I have a black and a white cat. (It means 2 cats, one black and one white)

→ Zero Articles:
(A)

• Zero articles + some words (school, college, office, university, prison, gaol, jail, etc.)
  Example: I go to school everyday by van.
• 'the + words' when the purpose is mentioned or reason is specified
  Example: I am going to the school to collect my admit card
• 'the + words' when the word is a particular one
  Example: I went to the St. Mary's High School.

(B) no 'the' + plural nouns

• 'the + plural noun' which is implicitly understood
  Example: Where are the students?
  Where is the sugar?
• 'the + words' which is originally Adjective Object, that is genitives = noun that represent a class/type
  Example: The rich helped the poor.

→ All/the whole:

• All: The totality of some numbers, more than two.
  Example: All the houses in the village have been swept away by the gale.
• The whole: The totality of one object/person only.
  Example: The whole village has been swept away by the gale.
• Note: I ate an apple. (means the whole apple)
  I ate three apples. (means all three apples)
• Note: 'Quantifiers + of + noun' are not determiners, they are pronouns

Grammar is the architecture of language.
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